HICCUP

Hiccup are the spasmodic and involuntary contraction of the diaphragm.
The diaphragm regulates breathing. When your diaphragm contracts, your lungs take in oxygen. When your diaphragm relaxes, your lungs release carbon dioxide.

Symptoms

A sudden tightening of the diaphragm which produces a hiccuping noise when it contracts the epiglottis a valve muscle in the throat which helps in the swallowing of food or directing the air to the lungs. This disorder may last from a few minutes up to a year.

Causes

Not really known. It is thought that hiccups can be produced through eating very fast or by swallowing too much air while eating.

Suggested treatment.

There are many remedies to fight this disorder, nevertheless, the results will vary in different cases.

Swallow a ½ cup of sugar slowly. It has been found that in some way sugar blocks the nerves that move the diaphragm. Small children may be given 2 tablespoon of sugar dissolved in a little bit of water.

• Gargle with water.
• Drink a glass of water lying down or with head titled downward.
• Hold your breath for as  long as possible
• Place a bag with ice on the stomach for a few minutes.
• Chew and swallow dry bread.
• Suck a lemon.
• sipping ice-cold water
• holding your breath for a short period
• biting on a lemon
• Pull on your tongue.
• tasting vinegar
• breathing into a paper bag 
• pulling your knees up to your chest
• Bring your knees to your chest and maintain this position.

However, while some people do find that these techniques can be helpful, they have not been tested in medical studies and it's not clear how effective they actually are.